Immune hemolysis:
(1) Rh isoimmunization
(2) ABO isoimmunization
(3) isoimmunization to another red blood cell antigen
Hematologic disorder:
(1) G6PD deficiency
(2) homozygous alpha-thalassemia
Chronic blood loss:
(1) twin-twin tranfusion
(2) chronic fetomaternal transfusion
Chromosomal disorder:
(1) XO syndrome
(2) trisomy
(3) other
Cardiovascular disorder:
(1) congenital heart disease
(2) endocardial fibroelastosis
(3) fetal arrhythmias (tachyarrhythmia, heart block, etc)
(4) large arteriovenous malformation
(5) cardiac tumors
Pulmonary disorder:
(1) cystic adenomatoid malformation
(2) pulmonary lymphangiectasis
(3) pulmonary sequestration
(4) chylothorax
Renal disorder:
(1) congenital nephrotic syndrome
(2) renal vein thrombosis
(3) lower urinary tract obstruction
Infection:
(1) parvovirus B19
(2) cytomegalovirus
(3) listeriosis
(4) toxoplasmosis
(5) syphilis
(6) other infection
Liver disease:
(1) fetal hepatitis
(2) fetal hepatic necrosis
(3) metabolic storage disorders (Gaucher's etc)
Skeletal disorders:
(1) chondrodysplasia
(2) disorders associated with fetal hypomobility
Tumors:
(1) fetal neoplasms
