Adult intestinal insufficiency and failure may be caused by a wide range of conditions. This includes conditions associated with intestinal dysmotility.
Intestinal dysmotility is associated with defective propulsion of gut contacts in the absence of a fixed, obstruction lesion. This may be localized, multi-focal or diffuse.
Patient selection: adult with intestinal failure
Conditions associated with intestinal dysmotility include:
(1) neuropathic (inflammatory or degenerative injury to the enteric nervous system)
(2) injury to the interstitial cells of Cajal (mesenchymopathy)
(3) familial visceral myopathy
(4) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
(5) collagen vascular disease (primary systemic sclerosis, SLE, dermatomyositis, periarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, mixed connective tissue disorder)
(6) endocrinopathy (diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism)
(7) neurologic disorder (Parkinson's disease, Hirschsprung’s disease, dysautonomia, von Recklinghausen's disease, Shy-Drager syndrome)
(8) drug-related (tricyclic antidepressants, anticholinergic, ganglionic blocker, clonidine, phenothiazines, anti-Parkinsonian agents)
(9) paraneoplastic
(10) infiltrative disorder (amyloid, malignant lymphoma, other)
(11) infection related (Chagas disease, other)
(12) vascular insufficiency
(13) hypokalemia and/or hypomagnesemia
(14) mitochonrdrial disorder
(15) postoperative or post-transplant
(16) radiation
If the dysmotility is permanent, then the patient may be classified under chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO).
