A patient's tongue may show a midline cleft or be split (bifid) for a number of reasons.
Hereditary causes of a bifid tongue:
(1) Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type I
(2) Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type II (Mohr Syndrome)
(3) Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
(4) Oculoauriculovertebral syndrome, which may be related to maternal diabetes
Hereditary causes of a cleft tongue:
(1) Trisomy 13
(2) Robinow Syndrome
(3) Oromandibular-Limb Hypogenesis Spectrum
(4) Opitz-Frias Syndrome (G or BBB Syndrome)
(5) Goltz Syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia)
Acquired causes:
(1) trauma
(2) surgery
(3) body modification
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Specialty: Otolaryngology
