Intended use: It has been used in veterinary practice as a general anesthetic and immobilizing agent for large animals, such as elephants.
Unintended use: It has been used as an additive to heroin or other opiates.
Because it is so potent even trace exposures (including absorption by inhalation or through broken skin) can result in symptoms. Therefore, it could be risk to EMT or Emergency Department personnel. Barrier precautions are indicated if it is suspected.
Signs and symptoms of exposure include:
(1)
pinpoint pupils
(2) respiratory depression
(3) depressed mental status (lethargy, sedation, loss of consciousness)
(4) nausea and vomiting
(5) cold and clammy skin
(6) weak pulse
(7) cardiopulmonary arrest
Detection of carfentanil in human samples can be difficult since it is a synthetic opiate and may be present in trace amounts. Knowing to look for it can be helpful.
Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist that can reverse carfentanil effects but it may require high and repeated doses.
