Wascher based a classification of knee dislocation on the high-velocity injury to the knee ligaments. The author is from the University of New Mexico.
Parameters:
(1) injury to the posterior collateral ligament (PCL)
(2) injury to the cruciate ligaments
(3) injury to the medial and/or collateral ligament
(4) periarticular fracture
PCL Injury |
Cruciate Ligaments |
Collateral Ligaments |
Periarticular Fracture |
Type |
intact |
NA |
variable |
N |
KD I |
damaged |
both |
intact |
N |
KD II |
damaged |
both |
one |
N |
KD III |
damaged |
both |
both |
N |
KD IV |
NA |
NA |
NA |
Y |
KD V |
Special appended designations:
(1) M or L for KD III injuries for the medial or lateral collateral ligament, respectively
(2) V if vascular injury
Specialty: Surgery, orthopedic, Emergency Medicine, Critical Care, Surgery, general