Ammonia inhalant ampules were once common in first aid kits. While able to produce a dramatic change, questions have been raised about what the benefits are. Evidence-based reviews have questioned its continued use.
The ampule contains both ammonia carbonate and fragrances in alcohol. The alcohol is flammable.
Mechanism: chemical irritant detected by olfactory and trigeminal nerves with arousal and reflex withdrawal
The use in a first aid kit was to help waken a person who had fainted or a concussion. This exposure would be infrequent and short term.
These ampules are also used by athletes engaged in weight lifting, ice hockey, or football as a stimulant. This pattern of use can result in a high cumulative exposure.
Hazards:
(1) chemical burn in eye or nasal mucosa if it comes in direct contact
(2) irritation of the respiratory tract
(3) allergic reaction
(4) reflex withdrawal may be dangerous with cervical spine injury
(5) glass shards if the ampule is cut open
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