A denaturant is added to an ethanol solution so that it is toxic and/or unpleasant to drink.
The choice of a denaturant depends on the use of the denatured spirit. The additive should not interfere with use.
A list of legal denaturants is specified in 27 CFR 21.151. Just over 100 compounds are authorized. Some examples include acetone, gasoline, brucine, formaldehyde, phenol and kerosene.
Adverse effects associated with denatured spirits:
(1) allergic contact dermatitis
(2) acute toxicity, dependent on denaturant
(3) long-term toxicity such as myelodysplasia or cancer
Source of exposure:
(1) skin contact
(2) ingestion, knowing that it has been denatured
(3) ingestion, not knowing that it has been denatured
