A Simple Risk Classification in Cardiac Surgery

Is the patient about to undergo cardiac surgery?

Age of the patient

Does the patient have poor left ventricular function (ejection fraction < 0.3)?

Does the patient have unstable angina?

Has the patient had a transmural myocardial infarction within the past 6 weeks?

Does the patient show evidence of heart failure?

Is the patient severe obese (body mass index > 30)?

Is this an emergency surgery?

Is this a re-operation?

Number of significant and uncontrolled noncardiac systemic disturbances (hepatic failure, renal failure, severe hypertension, etc.)