Features of volatile inhalant withdrawal:
(1) history of frequent use of a volatile inhalant
(2) onset of signs and symptoms upon discontinuation
(3) relief of symptoms on use of the inhalant
(4) exclusion of other possible explanations, including inhalant intoxication
Signs and symptoms of volatile inhalant abuse include:
(1) irritability
(2) psychomotor retardation
(3) depression and/or anhedonia
(4) dry mouth
(5) sleep disturbances (hypersomnia, insomnia, vivid dreams)
(6) craving
(7) increased lacrimation and/or runny nose
(8) fever
(9) headaches
(10) seizures
(11) tremors
(12) hallucinations
(13) restlessness
(14) muscle aches
(15) anxiety
(16) increased yawning
(17) nausea
(18) increased sweating
(19) change in appetite
(20) tachycardia
A significant withdrawal involves:
(1) multiple signs and symptoms
(2) presence of distress and/or impairment
