Patient selection: subarchnoid hemorrhage
Risk factors for mortality:
(1)
age of the patient (age >= 65 years used in implementation; survivors were 53 +/- 14 years and nonsurvivors 60 +/- 16 years)
(2) loss of consciousness at ictus
(3) Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on admission (<10, coma)
(4) large aneurysm size (>= 10 mm; survivors 7 to 10 mm; nonsurvivors 6 to 15 mm)
(5) APACHE II physiologic subscore (> 7; survivors were 3 to 7 and nonsurvivors 6 to 12)
(6) modified Fisher scale (thick SAH with bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage = modified Fisher score 4)
(7) hospital complications
Hospital complications associated with mortality:
(1)
rebleeding
(2) global cerebral edema
(3) hypernatremia with sodium > 150 mmol/L
(4) brain stem herniation
(5) hypotension with systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg treated with pressors
(6) pulmonary edema
(7) myocardial ischemia
(8) hepatic failure (AST and/or ALT > 200 IU/L)
