Kitzberger et al evaluated patients with acute liver failure. They identified predictors for intracranial hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. The authors are from Medical University Hospital in Vienna.
Patient selection: acute liver failure
Predictors of intracranial hypertension:
(1) higher SOFA scores (median score 10 vs 5.5)
(2) elevated partial pressure of gaseous ammonia
where:
• The partial pressure of gaseous ammonia was a better predictor than ionized ammonia in arterial whole blood for the grade of hepatic encephalopathy.
• In the implementation a SOFA score >= 8 was used to indicate increased risk.
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