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peripheral vascular disease
|
problems with temperature regulation, increased risk of frostbite
|
|
uncontrolled hypertension
|
may be worsened by cold-induced vasoconstriction
|
|
heart disease (coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, angina, previous myocardial infarction, previous coronary artery bypass surgery)
|
associated with generalized vascular disease
|
|
Raynaud's phenomenon
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
cold agglutinin disease or cryoglobulinemia
|
poor peripheral circulation
|
|
cold or exercise induced asthma
|
bronchospasm may be induced by cold
|
|
hypothyroidism or hypoglycemia
|
compromised metabolic response to demands
|
|
previous history of frostbite
|
cold intolerance, vasospasm
|
|
compulsive smoking
|
peripheral vasoconstriction, vascular disease
|
|
age extremes - very young or very old
|
decreased heat production in the elderly, high surface area with heat loss in infants
|
|
alcohol and substance abuse
|
lack of awareness of impending injury and ability to respond appropriately
|
|
medications (major tranquilizers, anticholinergic agents, beta blockers)
|
interfere with temperature regulation or heat production
|
|
excessive sweating
|
increased heat loss
|
|
severe mental illness
|
lack of awareness of impending injury
|
|
unconsciousness
|
lack of awareness of impending injury, possible problems in heat regulation
|
