Recoil injuries:
(1) "shooter's shoulder" (bruising of the shoulder) with a rifle or shotgun
(2) numbness in the hands with a handgun
Eye injuries:
(1) black eye if the eye is too close to the rear sight of a gun scope
(2) foreign body (flying debris and gases, especially with black powder weapons)
(3) thumb in the eye when firing a rifle (as seen in the movie "Sergeant York")
Ears:
(1) noise-induced hearing loss
The risk for discharge-related injuries is greater with:
(1) greater cartridge loads (bigger "kick")
(2) inexperience of the shootist
(3) longer duration of a shooting session
Ways to minimize or prevent injury:
(1) Use less powerful loads.
(2) Wear safety glasses.
(3) Wear a padded shooting jacket.
(4) Use ear protection.
(5) Use a scope that allows a greater distance between the eye and the rear end.
(6) Use a gun rest that absorbs recoil.
