Frozen shoulder may be associated with a number of conditions. One issue is distinguishing frozen shoulder of the classic type from conditions associated with fibrosis or other reasons for decreased mobility.
Conditions associated with “classic” frozen shoulder:
(1) diabetes mellitus
(2) hyper or hypothyroidism
(3) Dupuytren’s disease
(4) hypoadrenalism
(5) Parkinson’s disease
Other conditions that may be excluded by some authors:
(1) cardiac surgery
(2) cardiac catheterization through the brachial artery
(3) neurosurgery
(4) radical neck dissection
(5) stroke
(6) fracture or trauma to the shoulder
(7) prolonged shoulder immobility
Exclusions - Shoulder dysfunction due to
(1) degenerative arthritis
(2) rotator cuff tear
(3) surgery to the shoulder (done for reason other than frozen shoulder)
If no systemic disorder is found then it is termed idiopathic or primary.
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