A fibroadenoma is a benign biphasic tumor composed of epitheal and stromal elements. A complex fibroadenoma is a fibroadenoma that contains one or more "complex" features.
Complex features include:
(1) epithelial calcifications
(2) papillary apocrine metaplasia
(3) sclerosing adenosis
(4) cysts > 3 mm
A fibroadenoma is associated with a 2 fold greater risk for invasive breast cancer. The risk is further increased with:
(1) presence of complex features
(2) proliferative changes in parenchyma adjacent to the fibroadenoma
(3) presence of atypical hyperplasia in or adjacent to the fibroadenoma
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