A fistula between the urinary bladder and vagina (vesicovaginal fistula, or VVF) can result in a variety of clinical findings. The social stigma may result in significant distress to the affected women.
Cause of the fistula may include:
(1) complications following labor and delivery
(2) gynecologic surgery
(3) trauma, including crude attempts at abortiom
(4) malignancy
Clinical findings:
(1) continuous (or nearly continuous) urinary incontinence
(2) incontinence dermatitis in the perineum
(3) recurrent urinary tract infections
(4) distress and social isolation
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Specialty: Obstetrics & Gynecology
ICD-10: ,
