Clinical findings:
(1) red-brown or cola colored urine
(2) normal to red-brown plasma
(3) oliguria or anuria
(4) mylagia or severe muscle pain
(5) muscle tenderness and/or swelling
(6) muscle weakness
(7) hypotension
Features of the precipitating cause:
(1) marked agitation, obtunded or comatose
(2) hyper- or hypothermia
(3) recurrent seizures or status epilepticus
(4) evidence or history of drug and/or alcohol abuse
(5) compartment syndrome with neuropathy or limb ischemia
Laboratory findings:
(1) serum potassium is typically elevated, but may be low, normal or mildly increased if preceded by hypokalemia
(2) elevated or rapid rises in serum CK
(3) elevated serum creatinine and BUN with acute renal failure
(4) manifestations of malnutrition (hypoalbuminemia, other)
(5) hyperuricemia
(6) myoglobinuria
(7) hyperphosphatemia
(8) metabolic acidosis
(9) increased serum LDH
