The classification of hypertensive retinopathy developed by Keith, Wagener and Barker combines the clinical findings of atherosclerosis and hypertension.
Finding
Group
• mild-to-moderate narrowing or sclerosis of the arterioles
1
• moderate-to-marked narrowing of the arterioles
• local and/or generalized narrowing of arterioles
• exaggeration of the light reflex
• arteriovenous crossing changes
2
• retinal arteriolar narrowing and focal constriction
• retinal edema
• cotton-wool patches
• hemorrhage
3
• papilledema + Group 3 changes
4
To read more or access our algorithms and calculators, please log in or register.
