The Jugular Foramen Syndrome can be caused by a wide variety of conditions impinging on the jugular foramen.
Causes of the jugular foramen syndrome:
(1) cholesteatoma
(2) neuroma or other nerve tumors
(3) glomus tumor
(4) nasopharyngeal carcinoma
(5) meningioma
(6) metastatic carcinoma
(7) echinococcosis (hydatid cyst)
(8) viral infection (Herpes zoster, etc)
(9) osteomyelitis
(10) arterial aneurysm
(11) bone tumor
