Several common features may be seen on echocardiography performed on a patient with cardiac amyloidosis.
Exam: echocardiography
Changes that may be seen on echocardiography
(1) increased thickness of left and/or right ventricular walls (accompanying ECG may show low voltage criteria)
(2) biatrial enlargement
(3) diastolic dysfunction with elevated left ventricular filling pressures
(4) mitral annular tissue Doppler velocities severely reduced (septal or lateral mitral annular e' velocity < 5 cm/s)
(5) small mitral A wave in sinus rhythm
(6) reduced global longitudinal strain with apical sparing
(7) low flow, low gradient aortic stenosis (paradoxical)
(8) pericardial effusion
(9) increased atrial septal thickness
(10) diffuse valve thickening
(11) preserved ejection fraction
(12) low stroke volume index
(13) increased left ventricular mass
(14) restrictive filling pattern
