Impairment in a Woman with a Vaginal Fistula

A vaginal fistula may be a source of disability and impairment for a woman, especially in a developing country.

Health problems:

(1) incontinence for urine and/or feces

(2) infertility and recurrent abortion

(3) chronic infections

(4) skin lesions associated with incontinence

(5) chronic pelvic pain or discomfort

(6) malnutrition (secondary to economic problems)

(7) renal impairment secondary to recurrent urinary tract infections

(8) chronic blood loss with anemia

(9) psychological distress with depression and poor self-image

Social problems:

(1) interference with relationships and stigmatization, resulting in social isolation

(2) marital and family problems

(3) decreased ability to work, with worsening poverty

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Impairment in a Woman with Vaginal Fistula