Rarely a fistula may develop between a ureter and a fallopian tube.
Risk factors:
(1) severe nephrolithiasis (often associated with obstruction and UTI)
(2) infection
(3) iatrogenic (laparoscopy for endometriosis, etc)
(4) malignancy
(5) abdominal or pelvic trauma
where:
• In theory an ectopic pregnancy could be a risk factor.
Clinical findings:
(1) urine draining per vagina
(2) pneumonephrosis
Imaging studies with contrast material (excretory urography) can demonstrate the fistulous track.
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Specialty: Nephrology, Clinical Laboratory
