The King Edward System (KES) of Muckart et al for Predicting Mortality of Critically Ill Trauma Patients Without Head Injury

 

Patient selection: critically ill trauma patients without head injury

 

Parameters:

(1) mean arterial pressure (MAP) in mm Hg

(2) body temperature in °C

(3) ratio of PaO2 to FIO2 (with FIO2 a decimal fraction from 0.21 to 1.00)

(4) inotrope support

 

mean arterial pressure in mm Hg =

= ((systolic blood pressure) + (2 * (diastolic blood pressure))) / 3

 

Inotropes were used if:

(1) central venous pressure was > 15 cm H2O

(2) mean arterial pressure was < 70 mm Hg

Inotrope Support	Points
started before or within 24 hours of admission to the ICU	2
other	1

 

X =

= 8.2612 - (0.227 * (temperature)) - (0.031 * (mean arterial pressure)) - (0.0047 * (PaO2 / FIO2)) + (2.006 * (points for inotropes))

 

probability of death =

= 1 / (1 + EXP((-1) * X))

 

Performance:

• The KES performed better than APACHE II for predicting mortality in this population.

• The sensitivity was 59% and specificity 91%.