Preceding events:
(1) subararchnoid hemorrhage
(2) subdural hematoma
(3) intra-cranial hemorrhage following trauma
(4) intra-cranial hemorrhage from other causes
Clinical presentation: decreased visual acuity including blindness, unless patient has decreased consciousness
The intra-ocular hemorrhages are:
(1) usually bilateral
(2) multiple
(3) in the posterior segment.
Location of hemorrhage:
(1) intraretinal
(2) preretinal (subhyaloid)
(3) intravitreal
Recovery is usually good if the patient survives unless there is a complication. The return to normal vision may take 4-9 months.
Complications include:
(1) epiretinal membrane formation
(2) retinal detachment (traction or rhegmatogenous)
The differential diagnosis includes direct trauma to the eye or secondary to orbital fractures.
