Certain patients are at risk for the refeeding syndrome. Care needs to be taken in these patients during the nutritional restoration process to reduce the risk of adverse effects.
Persons at risk for the refeeding syndrome:
(1) anorexia nervosa
(2) kwashiorkor
(3) marasmus
(4) chronic underfeeding and malnutrition
(5) chronic alcoholism
(6) massive weight loss in a patient with morbid obesity
(7) prolonged fasting
(8) prolonged intravenous hydration without supplemental nutrition
(9) patient in a catabolic state (stress, nutritional depletion, etc.) unfed for 7 or more days
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