Risk factors for communicable disease transmission:
(1) presence of endemic and epidemic diseases in the affected area
(2) living conditions of survivors, especially crowding and exposure
(3) presence or absence of safe water and sanitation facilities
(4) malnutrition and vitamin (vitamin A, other) deficiencies
(5) immunization coverage
(6) access to adequate healthcare, including personnel, equipment and resources
(7) duration and extent of interruption in utilities
(8) adequacy and timeliness of the response, including initiation of disease control measures
(9) presence of mosquitoes and other vectors for disease transmission
Hazards associated with contaminated water:
(1) cholera
(2) enterotoxigenic E. coli
(3) Cryptosporidium
(4) Salmonella and typhoid fever
(5) Shigellosis
(6) viral hepatitis A and E
(7) leptospirosis
(8) enteric viruses
Hazards associated with crowding:
(1) tuberculosis
(2) Neisseria meningitidis
(3) measles (especially in unvaccinated populations)
(4) acute respiratory infections, including influenza
(5) other viral infections, including adenovirus
Hazards of vector-borne disease:
(1) malaria
(2) dengue fever
Hazards of blood and body fluid borne pathogens:
(1) HIV
(2) hepatitis B and C
