Tenforde et al identified risk factors associated with stress fractures in adolescent runners. These can help to identify an athlete who may benefit from interventions to reduce the risk. The authors are from Stanford University.
Subject selection: adolescent runner (cross-country, track and field)
Risk factors for female runners:
(1) past history of stress fracture
(2) body mass index < 19 kg per square meter
(3) age of menarche >= 15 years of age (late menarche)
(4) previous participation in dance/gymnastics or tennis
Risk factors for male runners:
(1) past history of stress fracture
(2) not participating in basketball
(3) greater number of seasons of competitive running
If no risk factors are present then the risk of a stress fracture is low (around 1%).
Gender
Number of Risk Factors
Percent with Stress Fracture
female
2
13%
female
3
36%
female
4
100%
male
1 of first 2
7%
male
2 of first 2
33%
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