Risk factors for visual loss:
(1) congenital toxoplasmosis (can result in bilateral blindness)
(2) symptomatic ocular involvement during the acute phase of systemic disease
(3) centrally located lesions (lesions located within the large vascular arcades)
(4) extensive retinal lesions (lesions larger than 3 optic disc diameters)
(5) administration of corticosteroids without antitoxoplasmic drugs
where:
• Macular lesions are more common in patients with congenital disease, while peripheral lesions are more common in acquired toxoplasmosis after birth.
• Blindness was associated with macular lesions, retinal detachment or optic nerve atrophy.
Prevention of visual loss:
(1) prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis
(2) administration of anti-toxoplasmotic drugs if steroids are given
(3) aggressive treatment if ocular symptoms develop during acute disease
