Urinary bladder stones tend to occur when certain risk factors are present.
Risk factors for urinary bladder stones:
(1) a stone-promoting diet in developing countries
(2) urinary tract obstruction
(2a) prostate disease, especially prostatic hypertrophy
(2b) anti-incontinence surgery
(2c) congenital anatomic defect in the urinary tract causing obstruction
(3) foreign bodies
(3a) indwelling urinary catheter
(3b) exposed sutures
(3c) other foreign bodies (migrated IUD, other) in the bladder
(4) recurrent urinary tract infection, especially with urease-producing bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis
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Specialty: Nephrology, Clinical Laboratory
