A variety of risk factors may be associated with shoulder pain in baseball pitchers <= 18 years of age. Recognition of these factors allows for preventive interventions prior to serious injury.
Factors associated with an increased risk of shoulder pain:
(1) throwing curveballs before 14 years of age
(2) throwing > 50 pitches per game
(3) playing year round (usually associated with a year round warm climate)
(4) poor mechanical technique
(5) arm fatigue
(6) poor satisfaction with performance
(7) low number of cumulative pitches (< 300 per season)
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