Typical formulation: cream, ointment, gel
Topical anesthetic agents: lidocaine, benzocaine, prilocaine, tetracaine
Risk factors:
(1) large skin surface area exposed
(2) contact for a prolonged period of time
(3) use of an occlusive dressing
(4) application to broken skin
(5) allergy
(6) use by nonhealthcare professional
(7) formulation with a high concentration of the topical anesthetic
(8) application or generation of heat to area (including exercise)
(9) serious comorbid condition
Adverse effects may include:
(1) cardiac arrhythmias
(2) seizures
(3) coma
(4) respiratory depression or arrest
(5) death
