A number of factors may increase the risk of fetal malnutrition. The presence of several risk factors should prompt an evaluation of a neonate for evidence of malnutrition.
Risk factors for fetal malnutrition:
(1) extremes of maternal age (age < 18 or > 35 years of age)
(2) primiparity
(3) weight prior to pregnancy < 40 kilograms
(4) height < 145 cm
(5) "bad" obstetrical history
(6) pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
(7) poor socioeconomic status
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