Risk Factors for a Patient with an Allergy to a Sulfonamide Antibiotic Reacting to a Sulfonamide Nonantibiotic

 

Sulfonamides can be represented as (R1)-(SO2)-(N)(R2)(R3)

 

Sulfonamides can be divided into:

(1) antibiotic sulfonamides – these are sulfonylarylamines

(2) nonantibiotic sulfonamides – these are not sulfanylarylamines

 

Risk of an allergic reaction to a sulfonamide drug in a patient with a history of sulfa allergy:

(1) The drug is another antibiotic sulfonamides.

(2) The patient has a penicillin allergy.

(3) Possibly if the patient is HIV-positive.

 

While a patient with a sulfa allergy can have an allergy to a nonantibiotic sulfonamide, the risk of a serious reaction is low. The patient should be monitored for a reaction and should be instructed on what to do in the event of an allergic reaction, but the drugs do not need to be avoided.

 

Some common sulfonamides are listed below:

 

Antibacterial sulfonamides:

(1) dichlorphenamide

(2) sulfacetamide

(3) sulfadiazine

(4) sulfadoxine

(5) sulfamethoxazole

(6) sulfisomodine (sulfaisodimidine)

 

Sulfonylureas:

(1) acetohexamide

(2) carbutamide

(3) chlorpropamide

(4) glibenclamide (glyburide)

(5) glibornuride

(6) gliclazide

(7) glimepridine

(8) glipizide

(9) gliquidone

(10) glisoxepide

(11) glyburide

(12) glycopyramide

(13) glymidine

(14) tolazamide

(15) tolbutamide

 

Diuretic (thiazide and nonthiazide)

(1) acetazolamide

(2) bendroflumethiazide

(3) benzthiazide

(4) bumetanide

(5) chlorothiazide

(6) chlorthalidone

(7) clopamide

(8) clorexolone

(9) cyclopentathiazide

(10) dorzolamide

(11) furosemide

(12) hydrochlorothiazide

(13) hydroflumethiazide

(14) indapamide

(15) mefruside

(16) methyclothiazide

(17) metolazone

(18) piretanide

(19) polythiazide

(20) quinethazone

(21) torsemide

(22) xipamide

 

Anticonvulsant

(1) acetazolamide

(2) ethoxzolamide

(3) sultiame

(4) zonisamide

 

Dermatologic

(1) mafenide

 

Protease Inhibitors:

(1) darunavir

(2) fosamprenavir

(3) tipranavir

 

Migraine

(1) naratriptan

(2) sumatriptan

 

Sulfones:

(1) dapsone

(2) sulfoxone

 

Other drugs:

(1) celecoxib

(2) diazoxide

(3) probenecid

(4) sotalol

(5) sulfasalazine

(6) saccharin

(7) valdecoxib