River conditions:
(1) higher river rating
(2) higher water level with faster currents
(3) projecting trees or rocks
(4) sheer banks
Individuals in party:
(1) inexperienced and/or vulnerable
(2) absence of someone experienced in the group
(3) risk-taking behaviors
(4) intoxication
Personal protective equipment:
(1) helmet
(2) facial shield
(3) personal flotation device
(4) wet suits if the water is cold
Risk reduction:
(1) portage around hazardous conditions
(2) emergency preparedness (first aid, evacuation, communication equipment)
(3) lower numbers of passengers per raft
Relatively common events associated with injuries:
(1) falling into the water
(2) being struck by a paddle or equipment
(3) collision with other passengers
(4) entanglement of limbs in parts of the raft
(5) collisions with rocks or trees while running rapids
While a position in the middle or rear of a raft is often viewed as being safer, these positions increase the risk of being struck if someone in the front becomes dislodged.
