Conditions associated with a very high rate of renovascular disease:
(1) vasculitis (Takayasu's. etc)
(2) renal transplant
(3) Williams's syndrome
(4) tuberous sclerosis
(5) neurofibromatosis
(6) history of radiation therapy with fields overlying a renal artery
(7) history of abdominal trauma
(8) history of renal artery thrombosis
(9) history of umbilical artery catheterization
Clinical features of the hypertension:
(1) very high blood pressure
(2) associated with complications (stroke, facial palsy, cardiac failure)
(3) uncontrolled by 2 or more antihypertensive drugs
Findings on clinical examination:
(1) bruits over the renal artery
Laboratory findings:
(1) elevated plasma rennin
(2) moderate to severe hypokalemia
