Findings that may indicate that a patient has MSA:
(1) dysarthria
(2) jerky tremor
(3) axial dystonia (Pisa syndrome, camptocormia)
(4) orofacial dyskinesia and/or dystonia
(5) Parkinsonism with poor response to levodopa
(6) cerebellar ataxia
(7) early postural instability with falls (occurring within 3 years of disease onset)
(8) rapid progression despite dopaminergic therapy
(9) pyramidal signs
(10) anterior neck flexion (antecollis)
(11) severe dysautonomia
(12) cold feet and/or hands
(13) Raynaud's phenomenon
(14) inappropriate emotional outbursts
(15) abnormal breathing and/or sleep apnea related to symptom onset
(16) REM sleep disorder (muscle activity and/or vocalizations while dreaming)
