Caldera et al used changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) to predict outcome for a patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia. The authors are from Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia.
ECG Changes
Severity of Change
normal sinus rhythm
mild
sinus tachycardia (sinus rhythm > 100 beats per minute)
moderate
right ventricular strain pattern
severe
Right ventricular strain pattern - one or both of the following:
(1) anterior subepicardial ischemia (pointed and symmetrical inverted T waves in V1 to V4 with or without inverted T waves in V5 and/or V6 with or without QT prolongation)
(2) incomplete right bundle branch block
ECG Change
Admission ICU
Hospital Mortality
normal sinus rhythm
7%
0%
sinus tachycardia
27%
7%
right ventricular strain
45%
27%
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