A broad range of pathogens are associated with AIDS cholangiopathy. In a severely immuncompromised patient more than one pathogen may be involved.
Bacteria:
(1) Campylobacter fetus
(2) Salmonella species (Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium)
(3) Rochalimaea species (Rochalimaea henselae, Rochalimaea Quintana)
(4) Enterobacter cloacae
Mycobacteria:
(1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(2) M. kansasii
(3) M avium-intracellulare
Viruses:
(1) cytomegalovirus (CMV)
(2) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
(3) adenovirus
(4) HIV
The differential diagnosis includes syphilitic cholangiopathy.
Protozoa:
(1) Microsporidia (Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cumiculi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, etc)
(2) Cryptosporidium parvum
(3) Leishmania donovani
(4) Toxoplasma gondii
(5) Dicrocoelium dendriticum
(6) Cyclospora cayetanensis
(7) Isospora
(8) Giardiasis
Fungi:
(1) Histoplasma capsulatum
(2) Cryptococcus neoformans
(3) Coccidioides immitis
(4) Candida albicans
(5) Pneumocystis jirovecii
