Description

The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) has developed a clinical symptom score for a patient with a herniated lumbar disc. This can help determine the degree of improvement following surgical intervention. The association is headquartered in Tokyo.


Parameters in the score:

(1) subjective symptoms (9 points): low back pain, leg pain and/or tingling, gait

(2) clinical signs (6 points): straight-leg raising test, sensory disturbance, motor disturbance

(3) restriction in activities (14 points): turn over while lying, standing, washing, leaning forward, sitting about 1 hour, lifting or holding a heavy object, walking

(4) urinary bladder function (-6 points maximum)

 

Parameter

Finding

Points

low back pain

none

3

 

occasional mild pain

2

 

frequent mild

1

 

occasional severe pain

1

 

frequent pain

0

 

continuous pain

0

leg pain and/or tingling

none

3

 

occasional slight symptoms

2

 

frequent slight symptoms

1

 

occasional severe symptoms

1

 

frequent severe symptoms

0

 

continuous severe symptoms

0

gait

normal

3

 

able to walk > 500 meters although it results in pain, tingling and/or muscle weakness

2

 

unable to walk > 500 meters owing to leg pain, tingling and/or muscle weakness

1

 

unable to walk > 100 meters owing to leg pain, tingling and/or muscle weakness

0

straight leg raising (includes a tight hamstring)

normal (> 70°)

2

 

30 to 70°

1

 

< 30°

0

sensory disturbance

none

2

 

slight disturbance (not subjective)

1

 

marked disturbance

0

motor disturbance

normal (Grade 5)

2

 

slight weakness (Grade 4)

1

 

marked weakness (Grades 0 to 3)

0

turn over while lying

no restriction

2

 

moderate restriction

1

 

severe restriction

0

standing

no restriction

2

 

moderate restriction

1

 

severe restriction

0

washing

no restriction

2

 

moderate restriction

1

 

severe restriction

0

leaning forward

no restriction

2

 

moderate restriction

1

 

severe restriction

0

sitting about 1 hour

no restriction

2

 

moderate restriction

1

 

severe restriction

0

lifting or holding a heavy object

no restriction

2

 

moderate restriction

1

 

severe restriction

0

walking

no restriction

2

 

moderate restriction

1

 

severe restriction

0

urinary bladder function

normal

0

 

mild dysuria

-3

 

severe dysuria

-6

 

where:

• I used dysfunction in the implementation for urinary bladder function.

 

total score =

= SUM(points for all parameters)

 

Interpretation:

• minimum score: -6

• maximum score: 29

• The higher the score, the more normal the patient's overall status.

 

postoperative improvement in percent =

= ((postoperative score) – (preoperative score)) / (29 – (preoperative score)) * 100%


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