Most patients undergoing anesthesia can have their blood pressures monitored by a non-invasive method. However, invasive blood pressure monitoring may be needed to adequately monitor certain patients undergoing certain procedures.
Patient-related indications:
(1) shock or hemodynamic instability
(2) severe cardiac disease
(3) severe respiratory disease with respiratory failure
(4) elevated intracranial pressure
(5) severe trauma
Procedure-related indications:
(1) major cardiothoracic surgery
(2) major intra-abdominal surgery
(3) intracranial surgery
(4) spinal surgery
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