Risk factors for illness or death reported in the study:
(1) abuse of drugs and alcohol, especially MDMA (ecstasy) or methamphetamine
(2) prolonged heat exposure (high environmental temperature, sun exposure, etc)
Additional risk factors include:
(3) delayed access to emergency medical services
(4) comorbid conditions
(5) dehydration
Steps to reduce risk:
(1) educate patrons and staff about the risks in order to increase awareness
(2) early detection of someone becoming ill through use of roaming observers
(3) strict entrance procedures to control contraband
(4) access to water and other rehydrating fluids
(5) heat mitigation strategy (shade, etc)
