Family history:
(1) One or both partners/parents are from an abusive or dysfunctional family.
(2) One or both partners/parents abuse alcohol or drugs.
(3) A somewhat chaotic family history, with frequent, unexplained moves, often between states or on short notice.
Denial:
(1) The family members do not view the behavior as abnormal or unusual.
(2) The behavior is considered justified because of something the person did.
Secretivenss and distrust:
(1) An introverted attitude, with a need to preserve the family unit at all costs.
(2) A distrust and resentment of outsiders meddling in family affairs.
(3) The behavior is a secret that would not be understood by others.
Fears:
(1) Fear of retaliation by the perpetrator or other family members.
(2) Fear of that disclosure would break up or destroy the family.
Limitations:
• These findings are nonspecific by themselves.
