Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS)

Description

Bagheri et al reported a Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) for patients who have had craniomaxillofacial trauma. The authors are from Legacy Emanuel Hospital in Portland, Mayo Clinic, and Oregon Health & Sciences University in Portland.

Parameters:

(1) facial laceration

(2) upper facial injuries (fracture orbital roof/rim, fracture into frontal sinus)

(3) injuries to the mid-face (dento-alveolar, fractures)

(4) injuries to the mandible (dento-alveolar, fractures)

Parameter	Finding	Points
facial laceration	<= 10 cm	0
	> 10 cm	1
fracture of the orbital roof or rim	absent	0
	present	1
fracture into frontal sinus or bone	absent	0
	nondisplaced	1
	displaced	5
dento-alveolar injury of the maxilla	absent	0
	present	1
Le Fort fracture	none	0
	unilateral type I	1
	bilateral type II	2
	unilateral type II	2
	bilateral type II	4
	unilateral type III	3
	bilateral type III	6
naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) fractures	none	0
	present	3
zygomatico-maxillary complex (ZMC) fracture	absent	0
	present	1
nasal fracture (alone)	absent	0
	present	1
dento-alveolar injury of mandible	absent	0
	present	1
fracture of mandibular body, ramus and/or symphysis	absent	0
	present	2 * <number>
fracture of mandibular subcondyle, condyle or coronoid process	absent	0
	present	<number>

where:

• It is unclear facial laceration is based on any over 10 cm or the absolute number.

• Subcondylar fractures of the mandible are graded with the condyle in the text on page 410.

total score =

= SUM(points for all of the injuries present)

Interpretation:

• minimum: 0

• maximum: probably over 25 (influenced by the total number of fractures)

• The maximum FISS reported by Bagheri et al was 13.

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Description

Specialty

Objective

ICD-10

Purpose: To evaluate a patient with craniomaxillofacial injuries using the Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) of Bagheri et al.

Description

Specialty

Objective

ICD-10