Risk factors for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction:
(1) high levels of ventilation in the sport and the need for physical endurance
(2) exposure to cold air temperatures (winter sports, ice rings, etc)
(3) high levels of environmental pollutants and triggers
(4) atopy in the athlete
Other factors to consider:
(5) history of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in the athlete
(6) any concurrent upper respiratory infection
It is important to remember that bronchoconstriction can occur in any setting.
Ways to reduce the occurrence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction:
(1) Warm-up carefully prior to exertion.
(2) Breathe through the nose rather than the mouth.
(3) Wear a face mask in a cold environment.
(4) Avoid or minimize environmental triggers.
(5) Take appropriate asthma medications (beta-agonists, corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, etc.) as allowed by sports regulators.
(6) Have emergency supplies available in the event of a serious attack.
