Evaluation of a Patient with Hypercalcemia or Hypocalcemia Based on Results of Serum Vitamin D Tests

The pattern of serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations may indicate the underlying cause.

Tests:

(1) serum calcium

(2) serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

(3) serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D

Diagnosis:

(1) vitamin D deficiency

(2) severe hepatocellular disease

(3) nephrotic syndrome

(4) renal failure

(5) hyperphosphatemia

(6) hypoparathyroidism

(7) pseudohypoparathyroidism

(8) hypomagnesemia

(9) vitamin-D dependent rickets (Type I or II)

(10) intoxication with 25-hydroxy vitamin D

(11) intoxication with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D

(12) granulomatous disease

(13) malignant lymphoma

(14) hypercalcemia of malignancy

(15) hyperparathyroidism

(16) idiopathic hypercalciuria

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