Munoz et al developed equations for estimating body height based on the length of long bones as measured on radiographs. The authors are from the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
Female
The tibia gives the most reliable height estimate in women.
Bone(s) |
Equation for Height in cm |
Standard Error |
femur |
64.01 + (2.25 * (length of femur in cm)) |
3.27 |
tibia |
76.53 + (2.41 * (length of tibia in cm)) |
3.033 |
fibula |
69.22 + (2.74 * (length of fibula in cm)) |
3.129 |
humerus |
51.21 + (3.76 * (length of humerus in cm)) |
3.62 |
radius |
71.87 + (4.0 * (length of radius in cm)) |
3.927 |
ulna |
58.3 + (4.84 * (length of ulna in cm)) |
3.499 |
femur and tibia |
68.192 + (0.863 * (length of femur in cm)) + (1.592 * (length of tibia in cm)) |
2.944 |
femur and humerus |
53.029 + (1.549 * (length of femur in cm)) + (1.42 * (length of humerus in cm)) |
3.158 |
humerus and ulna |
40.749 + (2.024 * (length of humerus in cm)) + (2.891 * (length of ulna in cm)) |
3.158 |
tibia and radius |
70.017 + (1.989 * (length of tibia in cm)) + (0.965 * (length of radius in cm)) |
2.988 |
Male
The femur gives the most reliable height estimate in men.
Bone(s) |
Equation for Height in cm |
Standard Error |
femur |
62.92 + (2.39 * (length of femur in cm)) |
3.605 |
tibia |
81.7 + (2.40 * (length of tibia in cm)) |
4.01 |
fibula |
72.23 + (2.79 * (length of fibula in cm)) |
3.667 |
humerus |
72.73 + (3.14 * (length of humerus in cm)) |
4.336 |
radius |
91.22 + (3.34 * (length of radius in cm)) |
4.838 |
ulna |
96.068 + (3.3 * (length of ulna in cm)) |
5.184 |
femur and tibia |
60.498 + (1.59 * (length of femur in cm)) + (1.03 * (length of tibia in cm)) |
3.370 |
femur and humerus |
54.169 + (1.757 * (length of femur in cm)) + (1.182 * (length of humerus in cm)) |
3.409 |
humerus and ulna |
67.413 + (2.55 * (length of humerus in cm)) + (1.037 * (length of ulna in cm)) |
4.266 |
tibia and radius |
76.887 + (1.989 * (length of tibia in cm)) + (0.841 * (length of radius in cm)) |
3.986 |
Gender Unknown
Bone(s) |
Equation for Height in cm |
Standard Error |
femur |
40.68 + (2.83* (length of femur in cm)) |
3.899 |
tibia |
59.15 + (2.95 * (length of tibia in cm)) |
4.006 |
fibula |
50.7 + (3.34 * (length of fibula in cm)) |
3.807 |
humerus |
49.83 + (3.83 * (length of humerus in cm)) |
4.083 |
radius |
67.18 + (4.27 * (length of radius in cm)) |
4.535 |
ulna |
64.03 + (4.61 * (length of ulna in cm)) |
4.621 |
femur and tibia |
44.479 + (1.567 * (length of femur in cm)) + (1.439 * (length of tibia in cm)) |
3.543 |
femur and humerus |
38.025 + (1.614 * (length of femur in cm)) + (1.863 * (length of humerus in cm)) |
3.418 |
humerus and ulna |
48.671 + (2.513 * (length of humerus in cm)) + (1.858 * (length of ulna in cm)) |
3.773 |
tibia and radius |
56.421 + (1.937 * (length of tibia in cm)) + (1.7 * (length of radius in cm)) |
3.712 |
Specialty: Clinical Laboratory