Coagulation disorders in APML:
(1) DIC with hemorrhage (often enhanced fibrinolysis-type DIC), which can result in early death
(2) thrombocytopenia secondary to chemotherapy and/or sepsis
(3) thromboembolism
(4) thrombosis associated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy
(5) acquired platelet dysfunction
Thrombosis may involve major vessels or may be microthrombi (with or without DIC).
Major thromboembolic events::
(1) deep vein thrombosis of an extremity
(2) cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
(3) hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome)
(4) portal vein thrombosis
(5) splenic infarct
(6) coronary artery thrombosis with myocardial infarction
(7) stroke with or without intraventricular hemorrhage
(8) renal artery thrombosis
(9) other arterial thrombosis affecting organ function
(10) pulmonary embolism