Criteria for adult moyamoya disease:
(1) age >= 18 years
(2) angiographic appearance for unilateral or bilateral moyamoya disease
(3) one of the following:
(3a) family history of MMD
(3b) exclusion of conditions that may mimic moyamoya disease
Conditions to exclude for the diagnosis of moyamoya disease:
(1) diabetes mellitus
(2) history of head trauma
(3) history of cranial radiation
(4) intracranial infection
(5) history of other prothrombotic event
(6) >= 3 risk factors for atherosclerosis (heavy smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heavy drinking)
(7) congenital anomaly that may mimic MMD (fibromuscular dysplasia, Marfan syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, polycystic kidney disease)
where:
• Diabetes mellitus would be a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
• Heavy drinking may be a risk factor for head trauma. Often heavy drinkers have relatively clean arteries.
