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Determining the Risk of a Diabetes in a First Degree Relative of a Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Based on the Presence of Serum Autoantibodies

Description

The presence of diabetes-related autoantibodies in a first-degree relative of a patient with Type 1 diabetes may identify someone who is at increased risk for development of diabetes. It is hoped that eventually early intervention can reduce the risk of developing diabetes in the future.


Autoantibodies include:

(1) islet cell antibodies (ICA)

(2) antibody to glutamate decarboxylase (GADA)

(3) antibody to IA-2 (IA-2A), a protein tyrosine phosphatase

(4) insulin autoantibody (IAA)

 

Number of Autoantibodies

Risk of Developing Diabetes within 10 Years

0

0%

1

2%

2 or 3

50%

4

75%

from Figure 3, Bingley et al (1999)

 

One strategy to screen family members involves:

(1) testing initially for GADA and IA-2A

(2) if either is present, then test for ICA and IAA


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Specialty

ICD-10