Cytokines released:
(1) TNF-alpha
(2) interferon-gamma
(3) interleukin-6
(4) interleukin-10
(5) interleukin-2 (associated with severity of syndrome according to Eastwood et al)
Clinical findings :
(1) capillary leak
(2) hemodynamic instability with hypotension
(3) renal dysfunction
(4) acute pulmonary dysfunction (ALI, ARDS)
(5) hepatic dysfunction
(6) diffuse erythema with late desquamation
(7) cognitive dysfunction (delirium, amnesia, difficulty concentrating)
(8) headaches
(9) paresthesias
(10) diarrhea or bowel urgency
(11) nausea and vomiting
(12) myalgias (lower back early, calves later)
(13) fever
Multi-organ failure (MOF) occurs in more severely affected patients.
Laboratory findings:
(1) lymphopenia and monocytopenia
(2) thrombocytopenia
(3) normochromic normocytic anemia
(4) DIC
(5) dysplastic neutrophils
(6) abnormal liver function tests
(7) increased ESR and/or CRP
(8) lactic acidosis
